ΪʲôѧһÃÅÐÂÓïÑÔÕâôÄÑ?¿Æѧ¼ÒÖ¸Ôð´óÄÔ

Ìì³½µ÷Õû½±½ðÁªÏµ×Ü´úQ7884-1982µã´Ë²é¿´ÏêÇ飡


´óÄÔ´¦ÓÚ²»¶Ï±ä»¯µÄ״̬¡£Ëü·´¸´×ÔÎÒµ÷Õû£¬ÒÔÌá¸ßÎÒÃǵľ«Éñ±íÏÖ£¬Í¬Ê±Ó¦¸¶Êý°ÙÍò´«ÈëÐźš£¾¡¹ÜÕâÖÖÊÊÓ¦ÐÔÈÃÎÒÃÇÓÐ˵·þÁ¦£¬µ«¿Æѧ¼Ò±íʾ£¬ÕâÕýÊdzÉÄêÈËѧϰÐÂÓïÑÔÈç´ËÀ§ÄѵÄÔ­Òò¡£

ÄÔϸ°û»î¶¯¿É·ÖΪ¿ÉËÜÐÔºÍÎȶ¨ÐÔÁ½Àà¡£¿ÉËÜÐÔÖ¸µÄÊÇ´óÄԸıäµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£µ±ÎÒÃÇ»ñµÃеÄÐÅϢʱ£¬Éñ¾­ÔªÖ®¼ä¾Í»áÐγÉеÄÁ¬½Ó¡£Îȶ¨ÐÔÔòÏà·´;ËüÈôóÄÔÀÎÀμÇסÎÒÃÇÒѾ­Ñ§¹ýµÄ¶«Î÷£¬ÈÃÕâЩÁªÏµÀι̡£

ÄêÓ׵Ķùͯ¾ßÓи߶ȵēÉñ¾­¿ÉËÜÐÔ”¡£ÐγÉеÄÉñ¾­Á¬½Ó¶Ôº¢×ÓÃÇÀ´ËµÊǺÜÓÐÓõģ¬ÒòΪËûÃÇÐèҪѧϰ´óÁ¿µÄÐÂÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢±æ±ð³öÄÄЩÊÇ×ã¹»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£µ«Ëæ×ÅÄêÁäµÄÔö³¤£¬´óÄÔ½¨Á¢ÐÂÁªÏµµÄÄÜÁ¦×ÔÈ»»áϽµ¡£Éñ¾­¿ÉËÜÐÔϽµ¡£

“´óÄÔ¿ªÊ¼ÓÅÏÈ¿¼ÂÇÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬”¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¾É½ðɽ·ÖУ(University of California at San Francisco)Éñ¾­Íâ¿ÆÖúÀí½ÌÊÚÂíÌØ·Â×ÄɵÂ(Matt Leonard)½âÊÍ˵¡£“ÎÒÃÇ»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÏëÁôס¹ýȥʮÄê»ò¸ü³¤µÄʱ¼äÀïѧµ½µÄÖØÒª¶«Î÷¡£”

ÖÜÒ»·¢±íÔÚ¡¶ÃÀ¹ú¹ú¼Ò¿ÆѧԺԺ¿¯¡·(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)ÉϵÄÒ»ÏîÐÂÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬ÈËÀàÔÚѧϰһÃÅÐÂÓïÑÔʱÒÀÀµÓÚ¿ÉËÜÐÔ¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇΪʲôº¢×ÓÃDz»·ÑʲôÁ¦Æø¾ÍÄÜѧ»á¶àÖÖÓïÑÔ£¬¶ø³ÉÄêÈËÈ´ºÜÄÑѧ»á¼¸ÃÅ“¶àÁÚ¹ú”ÓïÑÔ¡£

ΪÁËÁ˽â´óÄÔÊÇÈçºÎѧϰÍâÓï´Ê»ãµÄ£¬Ìì³½ºÚÇ®Âð¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¾É½ðɽ·ÖУµÄÉñ¾­¿Æѧ¼ÒÑо¿ÁË10Ãû˵ӢÓïµÄñ²ðﻼÕßÔÚѧϰÆÕͨ»°Ê±µÄ´óÄԻ¡£ÓÉÓÚËûÃǵÄÉíÌå×´¿ö£¬ÕâЩ־ԸÕßÒѾ­ÔÚËûÃǵĴóÄÔÖÐÖ²ÈëÁ˵缫£¬²¢Í¬Ò⽫É豸µÄÊý¾ÝÀ©Õ¹µ½¸ÃÏîÄ¿ÖУ¬ÕâΪÑо¿ÈËÔ±ÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö¶ÀÌصĻú»á£¬Ö±½ÓÑо¿ÈËÀà´óÄÔµÄѧϰ¹ý³Ì¡£

ÔÚÍê³É¶ÔÊÜÊÔÕß´óÄÔÊý¾ÝµÄ·ÖÎöºó£¬Â×ÄɵºÍÆäËûÑо¿ÈËÔ±·¢ÏÖ£¬ÔÚѧϰ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬´óÄÔÖб»³ÆΪÓïÑÔƤ²ãµÄÇøÓòÄÚµÄÉñ¾­Ôª“ÐýÅ¥”·Ç³£»îÔ¾¡£ÕâÒâζ×ÅһЩÉñ¾­ÔªÃ»ÓвÎÓë¡£

“Óв»Í¬ÖÖÀàµÄÉñ¾­ÔªÈº£¬ÆäÖÐһЩËƺõÕæµÄÔ¸ÒâËæ×Åѧϰ¶ø¸Ä±ä£¬¶øÁíһЩÔò¸üÓеֿ¹Á¦£¬”Â×ÄɵÂ˵¡£

ËûÖ¸³ö£¬Ñо¿Ð¡×éÑ¡ÔñÆÕͨ»°×÷ΪÑо¿µÄ“Ð”ÓïÑÔ£¬ÊÇÒòΪÆÕͨ»°µÄ·¢ÒôÓëÓ¢ÓïµÄ½Ú×àÐγÉÁËÏÊÃ÷¶Ô±È¡£ÕâʹµÃÓ¢ÓïʹÓÃÕßµÄѧϰ¸ü¾ßÌôÕ½ÐÔ£¬ÒòΪÕâÐèÒªËûÃÇÐγɴóÁ¿ÐµÄÉñ¾­Á¬½Ó¡£

ÎÒÃǵĴóÄÔ¸üÓпÉÄÜÌýµ½ÊìϤµÄÉùÒô£¬ÕâÊÇÁíÒ»¸öÔ­Òò£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÖÜΧµÄÓïÑÔÍùÍù±ÈÕýʽµÄ¿Î³Ì¸üÓÐЧ¡£ÕâÒ»Çж¼ÓëѵÁ·ÎÒÃǵĴóÄÔʶ±ðģʽºÍ²ÎÓëÎÒÃǵÄÉñ¾­ÔªÓйء£

“ѧϰһÃÅÐÂÓïÑÔµÄ×îºÃ·½·¨£¬ÎÞÂÛÄãÊǺ¢×Ó»¹ÊdzÉÄêÈË£¬¾ÍÊdzÁ½þÔÚÆäÖУ¬Ìì³½ºÚÇ®Âð”À³ÄɵÂ˵£¬“¾¡¿ÉÄܶàµØºÍ˵ĸÓïµÄÈËÔÚÒ»Æð¡£”

Ëû»¹Ç¿µ÷£¬ÔÚÈκÎѧϰ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¶¼»áÓÐÆð·ü¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬Ñо¿¶ÔÏóµÄ´óÄԻÊý¾Ý±íÃ÷£¬ÔÚѧϰ³É¹¦·½Ãæ´æÔںܴó²îÒì¡£

À³Äɵ½âÊÍ˵:“¿ÉÄÜÓÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä£¬Îȶ¨Éñ¾­Ôª¾Í»áÏûʧ£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»á˵£¬‘¿´£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª·ÅÂýÕâÒ»¹ý³Ì£¬ÏÖÔÚ²»Òª¸Ä±äÌ«¶à¡£’”

µ«µ±ÊÂÇé±äµÃ¼¬ÊÖʱ£¬¹Ø¼üÊDZ£³Ö¶¯Á¦¡£¼ÌÐøÎÒÃǵÄйڷÎÑ×·âËø·¨Óï¿Î³Ì¿ÉÄÜ×î·ûºÏÎÒÃǵÄÀûÒ棬¼´Ê¹ÔÚ¼¸¸öÔÂÀïÎÒÃÇΨһÄÜ×ÔÐŵØ˵µÄ´ÊÊÇbonjour¡£

“Èç¹ûÄãÔÚѧϰµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬”À³ÄɵÂ˵£¬“Ä㿪ʼ¾õµÃ£¬‘ÎÒºÃÏñûÓеõ½Õâ¸ö£¬ÎÒ¿ªÊ¼Ê§È¥ÎÒÓ¦¸Ã¹Ø×¢µÄ¶«Î÷£¬’ÄãµÄ¶¯Á¦¾Í»áϽµ£¬Äãʵ¼ÊÉϲ»»á×öµÃºÜºÃ¡£”

Çë×ðÖØÎÒÃǵÄÐÁ¿à¸¶³ö£¬Î´¾­ÔÊÐí£¬Ç벻ҪתÔØÌì³½ÓÎÏ·-Ìì³½appµÄÎÄÕ£¡